FINAL PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FINAL PROJECT - Essay Example Accounting and Management Accounting and management are usually fused into a single career commonly referred to management accounting which is usage of information for improved control of firms. As such, management accounting forms an important faucet of organizational management at all levels in a company (Atkinson et al 82). Within the structures of leadership in organizations, there are different decisions that need to be made by heads of departments. In order to make these decisions, the leaders have to overcome several challenges which involve consulting with other employees. Consulting on the other hand involves communication and therefore communication plays a central role in the career of accounting management. It follows then that a person practicing in this field has to have at least two solid backgrounds of education in financial accounting and management disciplines (Shah, Malik and Malik 6). This is only possible when one is a specialist in business field and furthered o ne of the two disciplines in masters. Role of Communication Communication forms an important aspect of everyday life since human beings are relational in nature. In the world of business, effective communication should be an important tool that ensures good relations within a firm and clients that are served by the firm. Collaborative communication whereby different stakeholders in an organization have free of information is quite important in ensuring client satisfaction and increasing the profitability of a company. Accounting matters are sensitive because they involve financial matters where clients are very keen on knowing how their money is being handled to ensure profitability. The main of business entities in engaging in financial matters is to make gains and be competitive in the corporate world. As such, communication is quite important in how different matters are handled in the accounting departments (Koski, Ehlen, and Saxby 86). Information economics views the management of accounting as an important tool that helps in decision making. This tool is useful in providing signals that are influence decision making in the uncertain nature of financial matters. Therefore, the effectiveness of accounting management is often measured by ripple effects of a person’s usage of the different utilities found within it. Some decisions can be disastrous especially if they are not based on sound accounting and economical principles whereas others can be advantageous. In this regards, it is important for people working within the management and accounting fields to have regular communication so that they may freely exchange ideas. Collapse of many financial institutions has been blamed on poor communication mainly in failure to communicate important decisions. When communication is not done in good time, important and crucial decisions fail to be made leading to crumbling of financial institutions (Kaplan 405). Overview of the Industry The management account ing industry or career utilizes financial as well as non financial information to make important decisions that can propel organizations towards achieving their goals. It therefore focuses on present and future opportunities so that it can propel itself into greater heights in terms of performance. Many may think that there are no limitations in its but they do exist especially those that come about due to value-added principle. This principle dictates that

Effects of gambling Essay Example for Free

Effects of gambling Essay Most people with gambling problems say they lost control over how much time and money they spend gambling. Meanwhile, they ignored other responsibilities. For them, gambling is an activity that are important to them. Those who gamble excessively often bring problems for the one they love. The effects of gambling can be classified into individuals, family and the society. Each of them had different aspect. With the problems that been brought by those gamblers, they brought many troubles to many peoples. They considered as an ignoble person. The effects that affected an individual are normally harm themselves. Once a gambler lose in a gamble, they will become anxious and unhappy, and often hate themselves very much. Therefore, they will do something stupid like borrow money from those loan sharks, commit suicide and even involved in some criminal cases such as robbery, murder, etc. The urge of gamble is hard to resists because of the reason they win continuosly. Once they won one time, they will continue to gamble to win more to satisfy their satisfaction. If once they lose, they will not give up easily due to they cannot accept the fact they had lose and scared to be a loser. Therefore, they will never give up any chance to gamble if there are just an uncertain chance to win. Some people still believe their system will pay off, their luck will change or they are due to win. Some people promised to quit gamble, but they cannot, but they afraid their love one will find them out. This drives them into fear and further into debt. In addition to, a gambler will also harm themselves because of gambling. All the gamblers face different problems, mainly like divorce, debt collection by those loan sharks, suffer from illness, many hassles in different aspects. Other than individuals, there are effects that affected family. Gambling problems hurt families in many ways, such as money problems. Money problems defined as family members that knew that savings, property or belongings have been lost, it can make them feel angry, betrayed and anxious. Through this problem, it caused family breakdown and caused the children to be in a single parent family. By the way, gamble will cause emotional problems and isolation. Gambling problems cause strong feelings among family members, which make it harder to solve problems. The partners of those gambler that is with problems do not want to get close with them because they the gambler hurt them. Due to this problem, it caused divorce and break up. In other hand, family members will avoid from other people because they felt ashamed of their family member that gamble excessively and they had been backstabbed by many people. Physical and mental health is another effect. The stress of gambling problems sometimes causes health problems. A person that gamble excessively will had health problems, same to their family members. This included anxiety, depression and stress-related problems like insomnia, ulcer, headaches and many illness that will strongly impact their health. Burnout also is one of the effect that affected a personal. Many families under stress have trouble coping. They often cope cause of money and the family member dislike the gambler. The gambler keep on taking more tasks will lead to burnout too. Once the plan that the gambler planned had fail, this will lead to causing problems. Family members often forget to take care themselves or to have fun. Gambling will bring great impacts on children. A family that with a gambler parent that with gamble problem will always let the children feel forgotten, depressed and anxious. The parent gamble all the time, therefore they will not put more attention on their children but on gamble. Some children may stop trusting their parents due to the unfaithfulness, but some children may draw attention away from the parent with gambling problem by misbehaving. Nowadays, the society also been affected by the problems of gambling. The unsteady of economic is one of the reason. Due to the bankruptcy of a personal will affected the economic growth. In addition, during the time of economic success, casinos tend to take labour supply away from neighbouring business. Casinos offer higher wages, hence many employees from other business such as restaurant, saloon will leave the neighbouring business and work for casinos. Customers that are normally went to the restaurant now instead go to the casino for foods. This demonstrates how not all growth by a casino can be attributed as economic growth, sometimes casinos merely transfer growth from other businesses into their own. It would never dawn on them that the casino itself would never pay out more than it brings in. There would not be many people are lucky enough to win big, maybe just one in a million. The others are just donating money to their cause. On the extreme side, people have committed suicide because their lives have totally been turned upside down due to the addiction. Due to commit suicide, the society might lose some genius, talents to develop the country. In addition, gambling will cause our country to be in a extinct situation because of gambling, therefore will affected family problems. Due to bankruptcy, it caused many people to face unemployment and because of this, it will affect the growth of economic. Once the gamblers put all their efforts into gambling, it will affect their working efficiency. When they had addicted to gambling, they will not have the effort to work. It will greatly affect the firm businesses, therefore the head of the firm will remove the post of the gambler and asked the worker to resign by themselves. Because of this, it caused many unemployment in the country. There are few ways that building a casino could result in no increased benefits for the region. Examples like, local residents who used to go to restaurants now spend their money in the casino. Then the casino has no net economic benefit. Other than this, tourists who used to spend money on other activities within the region now go to a gambling facility within the region. In addition, to have many casinos in our country, it will greatly affected neighbouring business. Locally-owned businesses go bankrupt because consumers have changed their expenditures to casinos that happen to be owned by out-of-state interests. A casino buy more products from out of state than the businesses they replace, therefore it had brought great impact to the local business. Besides that, Casinos result in increased social costs including police and other public services as well as the costs of pathological and problem gamblers. These issues will be addressed shortly. This will affect the tourism in a same time.

Neurosurgeon and Patient :: Neurology Medical Health Essays

Neurosurgeon and Patient Brain injury is an unexpected and complex disability. The brain can be damaged in many ways: as a result of an accident, a stroke, alcohol or drug abuse, tumors, poisoning, infection and disease, hemorrhage, near drowning, AIDS, and a number of other things such as Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The human brain is one of the most vital and complex organs in the human body. It is where we store our thoughts, feelings and all of our learned behavior. The parietal lobe is the lobe of the cerebral cortex that is at the top of the brain, which processes information in reference to touch, taste, pressure, pain, and heat and cold. The parietal lobes can be divided into two functional regions. One involves sensation and perception and the other is concerned with integrating sensory input, primarily with the visual system. The first function integrates sensory information to form a single precept (cognition). The second function constructs a spatial coordinate system to represent the world around us. Individuals with damage to the parietal lobes often show striking deficits, such as abnormalities in body image and spatial relations (Kandel, Schwartz & Jessel, 1991).Damage to the left parietal lobe can result in what is known as "Gerstmann's Syndrome." This syndrome’s effects include right- left confusion, difficulty with writing (agraphia) and difficulty with mathematics (acalculia). It can also yield disorders of language (aphasia) and the inability to perceive objects normally (agnosia). Damage to the right parietal lobe can result in neglecting part of the body or space (contralateral neglect), which can impair many self-care skills such as dressing and washing. Right side damage can also cause difficulty in making things (constructional apraxia), denial of deficits (anosagnosia) and drawing ability. (Kimura,D.1977) Bi- lateral damage (large lesions to both sides) can cause "Balint's Syndrome," a visual attention and motor syndrome. This is characterized by the inability to voluntarily control the gaze (ocular apraxia), inability to integrate components of a visual scene (simultanagnosia), and the inability to accurately reach for an object with visual guidance (optic ataxia). Special deficits (primarily to memory and personality) can occur if there is damage to the area between the parietal and temporal lobes. Left parietal-temporal lesions can effect verbal memory and the ability to recall strings of digits (Warrington & Weiskrantz, 1977reland et al.

Eating Disorders :: essays research papers

As field hockey began in late August I thought that she was a lot better, but, as time went on, I found out that she was not any better than when she left school last May. She was really getting worse. Living with someone that has an eating disorder is very hard. My college roommate, also my field hockey teammate suffers from an eating disorder called bulimia. She is now not playing field hockey because she is so bad that her heart can stop at any moment, and she could die. As an athlete there are many pressures to look and to be your best. Female athletes often try to lose weight to improve their game, to keep in shape or even just because of the pressures. Christy Henrich, a world-class gymnast, died in 1994 from anorexia. Her mother told Scott Reid (2005) of the Buffalo News was that, "the first thing [other athletes] told [Christy] was if there's something you want to eat, eat it and throw it up. That's the first thing you learn when you're on the U.S. national team." Pressures come from all over not just from your parents, coaches, teammates and fans. They can show up anywhere. There are many different kinds of eating disorders, from bulimia to anorexia to diet pill abuse to laxative abuse and many more (Otil,103). But the most common that we know of are bulimia and anorexia. Bulimia is a disease when a person eats a lot of food in a short amount of time (called bingeing) and then tries to prevent weight gain by purging. Anorexia is when you starve yourself in fear of gaining weight. As Richard Carey (1997) says in his article, an estimated in 1995 that 20% of college age women and 10% of adult women have suffered from eating disorders. An estimated 1,000,000 teenagers are affected by eating disorders. As many at 90% of all individuals with eating disorders are female this leaves only 10% of males. When it comes to losing weight there is a right way and a wrong way. For some of us we don’t know the right for the wrong. And that’s when an eating disorder steps in. Our body needs the chemical and neurological balance to be healthy. And when you resort in an unhealthy weight loss like not eating (anorexia) or bingeing and purging (bulimia) the chemical and neurological become unbalanced.

Influence to Hong Kong as an International Logistics Hub

[pic] Influence to Hong Kong as an international logistics hub – under the â€Å"Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation† | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Influence to Hong Kong as an international logistics hub – under the â€Å"Framework Agreement on Hong Kong nd Guangdong Co-operation† cvnru1ulicenen6. iewst4d)0/su18. 4h06k244-055322175 (on ABSTRACT On 7 April 2010, The Chief Executive, Mr Donald Tsang, and the Governor of Guangdong Province, Mr Huang Huahua, signed the Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation. The Framework Agreement builds on years of closely co-operation between Hong Kong and Guangdong. This report reviews the development of Co-operation Agreement between Guangdong and Hong Kong and the implementation of Hong Kong’s logistics industry based on the agreement.To fully understand this Framework Agreement, we explore the challenges confronting Hong Kong as an international logistic hub and event ually acquire some benefits through the co-operation of Hong Kong and Guangdong. REVIEW THE DEVELOPMENT OF CO-OPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN PEARL RIVER DELTA AND HONG KONG The Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement – CEPA (signed on June 2003) CEPA introduced liberalization measures for various â€Å"Hong Kong service suppliers†.Logistics industry is one of the â€Å"Hong Kong service suppliers† and recognized to set up wholly-owned enterprises in mainland to provide logistics, international freight forwarding, storage, warehousing, road transport and shipping services. This arrangement not only provided opportunities to Hong Kong logistics companies to access mainland market but also liberated trade in goods and trade in services between mainland and Hong Kong.Pan-Pearl River Delta Regional Co-operation Framework Agreement (signed on June 2004) The Pearl River Delta region(PRD), as known as â€Å"9+2†, which includes Guangdong, Fuji an, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hong Kong and Macau. Under this agreement, the Pearl River Delta region cooperated closely and intensively in infrastructure, trade, industry, investment and other areas. Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau have entered a new stage of economic integration. Pan-Pearl River Delta Logistics Development Co-operation Agreement (signed on July 2005) Logistics industry acts as an important role in economic development.This agreement aimed to strengthen the coordination on logistics planning; logistics and transport system; logistics information system and human resources development and technological innovation. It was a remarkable stage of model logistics development in PRD. Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation (signed on July 2010) To continue the implementation of CEPA, the Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation clearly defined the social economic development between Hong Kong and Guang dong.It enhanced Hong Kong’s position as an international financial centre and expedited the development of financial services industries in Guangdong; it also facilitated the flow of key factors such as people, goods, information and capital across the boundary to build an international aviation, shipping and logistics hub and a world-class modern economic circulation sphere. A series of environmental protection plans have been carried out to create a high quality living area among the PRD.CO-OPERATION INITIATIVES ON CUSTOMS CLEARANCE OF GOODS The Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation has included infrastructure projects to enhance logistics development and communication and cross-boundary development. To achieve the facilitation of the flow of goods across the boundary, Hong Kong and Guangdong have put forward a number of specific policies and measures. Hong Kong Government advocated the standardization of the information and data required by the custo ms of the mainland.Hong Kong first launched the electronic Road Cargo System (ROCARS) in May 2010 to enable seamless clearance of road cargoes. With this new electronic information platform and building on the foundation of mutual co-operation and benefit, Hong Kong and Mainland Customs are able to make further contribution to enhance customs clearance efficiency and facilitate cross-boundary movement of goods. Road Cargo System (ROCARS) The present customs clearance arrangement at land boundary control points (LBCP), a truck driver has to stop first at an Immigration kiosk and then a Customs kiosk.He delivers a paper manifest which contains relevant cargo information at the latter to a Customs officer who determines on the spot whether physical inspection is necessary. It needs to wait for a moment until it is approved by the Customs. ROCARS allows Customs Officers to perform risk profiling before a truck arrives at LBCP. A shipper or agent needs to provide cargo data in eight fiel ds to the Customs and Excise Department (C&ED) electronically before the cargo enters or exits Hong Kong by truck. Meanwhile, the shipper or agent receives a customs reference number for his consignment.The driver of a laden truck needs to report to C&ED within 30 minutes before his truck arriving LBCP, together with the customs reference number of the consignment concerned received from the shipper and his vehicle registration number. If it is not selected by the Customs, no physical inspection is required. Benefits of ROCARS ROCARS allows the Customs officers conduct risk profiling on every cargo consignment in advance and determine whether a truck needs to be inspected. All cross-boundary trucks, except those are selected for inspection, they enjoy seamless customs clearance at the land boundary.It increases the efficiency and shortens the time for customs clearance of road cargoes; it also ensures a smooth flow of land boundary traffic. For the transportation and logistics indus try, many truck drivers deliver a loaded container from China factory via Hong Kong and the goods are to be transshipped overseas by liner vessel. ROCARS can enhance speedy and secure movement of cargoes between Hong Kong and China. As a result, cargoes can be delivered on time to liner vessel stably and reliable. It encourages the development of Hong Kong as an international logistics hub.COLLABORATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY To facilitate information flow and service integration towards Hong Kong and Mainland, Hong Kong started to develop and operate the Digital Trade and Transportation Network (DTTN) on 2005. The aim of DTTN is to lower the barriers for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to enjoy e-commerce; it provides Hong Kong and the PRD with an e-infrastructure to secure the region’s place as a leading international logistics hub. Digital Trade and Transportation Network (DTTN)DTTN is an e-platform to connect the organizations in trading , logistics and financial industries and to enable them to exchange business documents electronically with their trading partners. It supports the whole supply chains, including Sellers and Buyers, Carriers, Freight Forwarders, Terminals, Government and Agencies, Inspection Agencies, Insurance Institutions and Banking Institutions; it provides a wide range of services on message routing and transformation, data inheritance, statistical and analytical reporting.Over 80 major documents such as Purchase or Sales order, Packing list, Shipping order, House waybill, Customs clearance or Letter of Credit†¦etc can be supported by DTTN service which facilitates the information flow and service integration on trading, logistics, finance, import and export businesses. Benefits of DTTN DTTN enables new business opportunities for logistic service providers to provide value-add services; Hong Kong logistics industry can compete as premium service leader on high quality value-added services r ather than merely competing on cost.Logistics information flow is one of the key factors for the companies to achieve success. DTTN help to maximize the benefits of e-logistics by utilizing a cost effective infrastructure. It is a neutral, secure and reliable e-platform for trading and logistics communities which can smooth the whole international logistics operation and improve our competitiveness. It further promotes regional integration and enhances the supply-chain efficiency. IMPLEMENTATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSWith an excellent infrastructure and telecommunications facilities, a well established financial and legal system, a good international connections and a free market for trading. Hong Kong enjoys a number of competitive advantages in developing logistic industry. Facing the rapid growth of logistics development in Guangdong province, to strengthen Hong Kong’s position as an international logistic hub, HKSAR Government is urged to develop a closer corporation between Hong Kong and PRD.The Framework Agreement on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation which specified several policies on expediting the construction of cross-boundary highway, rail links and ancillary works; building a high class navigation network in PRD; improving the mechanism of the five major airports in the PDR; proactively seeking national support for enlarging the air space in the PDR; supporting the aviation status of each airport, building a network of short-haul helicopter services in the PRD. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB)The HMZB project connects Hong Kong, Macau and the major cities in PRD, there will be a loop of high speed linkage among Zhuhai, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Guangxi, Hainan and other south western part of mainland. (Figure 1. ) [pic] Figure 1: Retrieved from Highway Department http://www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridge%20Project. pdf It consists of three sections (Figure 2). The western section is a link road within Zhuhai and the Zhuhai-Macao Boundary Crossing Facilities (ZMBCF). TheZhuhai Link Road will connect ZMBCF to the inland area of Zhuhai. The middle section is the HZMB Main Bridge. [pic] Figure 2: Retrieved from Highway Department http://www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridge%20Project. pdf The eastern section is within Hong Kong, there will be a Hong Kong Link Road (HKLR) to connect the HZMB Main Bridge to the Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (HKBCF). Meanwhile, the tunnel of HKLR will also connect Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) to the HKBCF.HKBCF will serve as a strategic multi-model transportation hub, HKBCF will include construction cargo and passenger related facilities, public transport interchange, open road tolling system and some Government buildings will be set up in there. It is believed that the HMZB will bring more road haulage service between Hong Kong and mainland, in connection with the bridge, a highway is to b e built to connect Tuen Mun and Chek Lap Lok( TMCLK Link and the Tuen Mun Western Bypass) in order to meet the traffic demand between Northwest New Territories (NWNT) and North Lantau via HKBCF. (Figure 3) [pic]Figure 3: Retrieved from Highway Department http://www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridge%20Project. pdf Impacts of the HZMB The journey between Hong Kong and the Western PRD can be shortened to within three hours, it will take around 30mins from Zhuhai to Hong Kong International Airport which will significantly reduce the cost and time for passenger and good flow between Hong Kong and the Western PRD. In addition, the HZMB will bring tremendous benefit to Hong Kong, the Mainland and Macao in the areas of economic development, tourism, finance, logistics and ultural exchange. Hong Kong’s logistics industry will not only be able to get more business in the PRD but also extend their services into the inland area of the Mainland includ ing the resource-rich Sichuan Province. Hence, it further enhances Hong Kong’s status as an international transportation and aviation hub. Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Express Line (WEL) To promote the development of Qianhai and NWNT and enhance the co-operation between the two airports in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, there will be a cross boundary railway, WEL, to connect the western part of Hong Kong and Shenzhen, including the two airports.From now the mainland destinations of HKIA mainly are the mainland cities far away from Hong Kong such as Shanghai and Beijing. Facing the rapid economic development in Mainland, the demand for domestic flights will continue to increase; there will be the same demand of international flights of international transit flight via Hong Kong. It is believed that WEL helps to connect the two airports between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, it will help the two cities in achieving a win-win situation by complementing each other and enhancing competitiveness. Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL)To expedite the construction of various cross-boundary transport infrastructures between Hong Kong and Mainland, XRL will connect Hong Kong with the Mainland’s national high-speed railway network which will significantly reduce the journey time. XRL is an express rail to link up Hong Kong with Guangzhou via Futian and Longhua in Shenzhen and Humen in Dongguan. The terminus in Guangzhou will be located at Shibi, which is the centre of the Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area. The Mainland section of XRL will start from Shibi and enter Hong Kong via Huanggang. (figure 4) [pic] Figure 4: Retrieved from Legislative Council brief http://legco. gov. k/yr09-10/english/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp1022-thb200910a-e. pdf The Hong Kong Section is started from Huangguan, there will be an underground railway running from Huanggang to West Kowloon Terminus at the West Kowloon District, and between the Airport Express Kowloon Station and t he West Rail Austin Station. [pic] Figure 5: Retrieved from Legislative Council brief http://legco. gov. hk/yr07-08/english/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp-thbtcr11658199-e. pdf Impacts of the XRL XRL is vitally important to Hong Kong. It will connect Hong Kong with the Mainland's national high-speed railway network and significantly reduce the journey time.A trip between Hong Kong and Shibi on the XRL will only take 48 minutes, to Wuhan in five hours, and to Shanghai and Beijing in about eight and 10 hours respectively. The XRL will terminate at the New Guangzhou Passenger Terminus at Shibi in Guangzhou. Shibi, together with the stations at Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan, are designated as the four major national railway passenger hubs of the Mainland. The Terminus is planned to become a mega transport hub. Hence, XRL will help reinforce Hong Kong’s status as a transport, financial and commercial hub of China.It will support the sustained growth of our four traditional economic pillars – Financial services, tourism, logistics, business support and professional services. CONSOLIDATING HONG KONG’S DEVELOPMENT AS AN INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING AND LOGISTICS CENTRE Positioning of Hong Kong International Airport(HKIA) HKIA is the word’s busiest cargo airport, it has handled a record high of 4. 13 million tonnes of cargo in 2010. To meet the anticipated growth in demand, a new air cargo terminal is being constructed and is expected to commence operation in early 2013; the cargo-handling capacity will be increased.In long term, building a third runway is necessary to meet the forecast growth of passenger and cargo handling up to 2030. It will maintain the competitive edge of Hong Kong as an international and regional aviation centre. In view of increasing aircraft movements in PRD region, air routes and airspace open for civil aviation are insufficient, flights on many air routes have to make an additional detour or fly to a certain flight level t o ensure safety, it increased the flight time and flight delay in Mainland is always happened from time to time.To meet the aviation development needs and strengthen the economies between Hong Kong and Mainland, HKSAR government has to formulate a development plan for future air spaces capacity of the HKIA as well as the positioning of HKIA in accordance with its function as mentioned in the Framework Agreement to avoid the traffic congestion in the airspace over the PRD region. Measures to enhance the maritime port’s competitiveness To reinforce Hong Kong's position as a renowned international maritime centre and it is believed that a well established international business and maritime network is necessary.With regard to port expansion, HKSAR Government is looking for the right location for Container Terminal 10, which may be required as early as 2015. It will be other local transportation projects to shorten the travelling time of goods and commuters within the territory. The Hong Kong Shipping Register is the first-rate service offered by the Hong Kong maritime cluster. To maintain the reputation of the Hong Kong Shipping Register, the Hong Kong Marine Department will work closely with the industry to enhance the standards of Hong Kong ships and increase the competitiveness of the Register.Such as providing e-services for expanding one-stop shop services for ship registration, strengthening pre-registration quality control and enhancing coordination with the relevant Mainland authorities to offer better protection for Hong Kong ships. Hong Kong can also provide higher value-added services like maritime insurance, ship financing, international arbitration and logistic management to form a stronger industrial cluster.POSITIONING HONG KONG AND GUANGDONG AS A MODERN ECONIMIC CIRCULATION SPHERE To reinforce Hong Kong’s position as a logistics and maritime centre, Hong Kong needs to have first-class infrastructure facilities in parallel with hard i nfrastructure development. Banking and Bond Business The Framework Agreement deepens the Hong Kong’s RMB trade settlement and finance businesses at local level. It provides a best platform for Mainland authorities and Hong Kong Monetary Authority to jointly discuss and investigate how to expedite the application of RMB outside the China and continuously improve the RMB trade settlement services.It also facilitates the bond services, the qualified Guangdong financial organizations and companies can issue RMB bonds in Hong Kong. This approach creates many different financial channels to both sides and supports the development of Hong Kong’s RMB bond services simultaneously. Securities Services For securities business, the Framework Agreement pushes forward connection and mutual co-operation in respect of talents, knowledge, products, and institutions between both sides.In addition, more Guangdong financial organizations and companies are encouraged to raise funds in Hong Kong and to be Hong Kong listed companies. In order to strengthen the collaboration of securities services between Hong Kong and Guangdong, the supplement VI of Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) was signed in 2009 which permitted securities organizations in Mainland and Hong Kong to establish securities investment consultancies in joint venture mode. Insurance ServicesWith the support of Framework Agreement, the qualified Hong Kong financial organizations can set up legal institutions with insurance services in Guangdong and this facilitates Hong Kong insurance organizations to develop business in Mainland by lowering the entry requirements of Mainland insurance market. The supplement IV of CEPA helps Hong Kong insurance agents to set up wholly-owned companies in Mainland. The collaboration of China Insurance Regulatory Commission and Office of the Commissioner of Insurance in Hong Kong can continuously be increased.Developing international logis tics hub in Hong Kong and PRD region The Framework Agreement helps the development of financial logistics service in Hong Kong by integrating supply, production and sales and formed the financial supply chain system. It was the revolution of third-party logistics services in Hong Kong. Financial logistics service has became gradually popular that combined with logistics and financial products. The ability of third-party logistics services and operating profit has been improved; logistic companies can expand financing channels, reduce financing costs and improve capital management efficiency.The new third-party logistics service definitely drives toward the goal of win-win supply chain. Logistics companies can activate occupied costs of idle raw materials and finished products for optimizing companies’ resources. The provision of financial logistics service can enhance companies’ integrated logistics services and competitiveness; it further increases the business scale as well as the value-added services. The enhanced financial costing and broad financing channels reduce the capital utilization of raw materials and semi-finished products.Moreover, the optimal capital allocation can reduce the procurement costs, expand sales volume and increase the companies’ sales profits. For further support, financial logistics services help companies to expand the size of loans for smoothing the cash flow, reduce credit risk and support the disposal of bad assets. The combination of logistics services and financial services which provides an integrated supply chain financial plan, it also increases the competitive advantage and profits.Through the financial logistic services, the warehouse logistic companies can achieve multilateral success; enhance customers’ capital capability and responsiveness to market risk. It encourages customers to deal with the warehouse goods processing and facilitates the interactive information sharing of goods, large amount of goods storage and high goods turnover rate. The diversified payment methods can maximize customers’ capital settlement. Therefore, customers’ pressure on accounts receivable can be reduced.With the connection of logistics and insurance industries, it provides a comprehensive logistics insurance service for all supply chain activities and items. It includes equipment damage, goods delivery, property and facilities, operation safety of trucks and other means of transport, and employee insurance, etc. Through the enhanced financial services, increased financial channels and the supports of Mainland banks and insurance companies, the logistics industry in Hong Kong obtains abundant resources to develop the financial logistics services, logistics routes and business in Mainland.Foreign enterprises also can take Hong Kong and Guangdong as a platform to invest in mainland market, in returns, Hong Kong acts as a bridgehead for Mainland enterprises to â€Å"go global † and establishes their head office in Hong Kong and promotes their business to global markets. CONCLUSION Hong Kong is the gateway of China and positioned in the heart of Asia; we can reach all major Asian countries within four hours and half of the world's population within five hours by plane.However, facing the changes of global economic structure and the worldwide trend of forming a regional economic co-operation and competition, it is difficult for an individual city to compete at its own. As such Hong Kong has to strengthen itself by co-operating with Mainland, particularly PRD region in Guangdong, to search for larger market hinterland so as to maintain its long term competitiveness. Under the outline of the Framework Agreement on Hong Kong Guangdong Co-operation, Hong Kong has to work towards betterment by consolidating innovation into its existing pillar industries, including finance, trading, shipping and logistics.To enhance our competitiveness, Hong Kong has conti nued investing in key infrastructure projects to maintain an efficient multi-modal transport network which covering air, land and sea to meet the different needs. Major infrastructure projects like HZMB, XRL and WEL, which materialize the â€Å"one-hour intercity circle† for people in PRD region and enforce a sound regional system of marine, land and air transport integration within this region. To facilitate the logistic flow and customs procedures, ROCARS has been introduced on the customs clearance.Some other recommendations on customs procedures can be considered in future, for instance, a mutual recognition of the examination results of cross-boundary vehicles, relaxation of the restrictions on Hong Kong trucks with valid licenses to travel in Mainland, as well as a centralized electronic communication platform on other control points to shorten the customs clearance time. In parallel with hard infrastructure development, Hong Kong should continue to develop the required software, particularly in the expansion of our aviation network, nurturing fresh talent and IT development.Hong Kong should make use the advantage of legal system and professional service, an extensive shipping and aviation network so as to provide a high value-added logistic services like pick-and pack and inventory management services. We believe that maintaining a closely correlation between Hong Kong’s hard and soft infrastructure is one of the factors to sustain our economic growth and prosperity. To further reinforce Hong Kong’s position as an international logistic hub and a gateway for Asia to access global markets, we have to tie with the co-operation and development of mainland.Last but not lease, we do believe we shall always empower ourselves to meet the great challenges and proactively identify new engines of economic growth of Hong Kong. References Trade and Industry Department â€Å"Supplement to the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership A rrangement† Retrieved 27 Sept, 2011 from http://www. tid. gov. hk/english/cepa/legaltext/cepa2. html Trade and Industry Department â€Å"The CEPA benefits Hong Kong economy, January 5, 2006† Retrieved 27 Sept, 2011 from http://www. tid. gov. hk/english/aboutus/presspeech/press/2006/20060105. htmlCustoms and Excise Department – Road Cargo System (ROCARS) https://www. rocars. gov. hk/en/landing_page. html Digital Trade and Transportation Network http://www. hk-dttn. com/home/english/home. html Digital Trade and Transportation Network (2005) †Tradelink announces agreements with the HKSAR Government on the Digital Trade & Transportation Network (DTTN)† Retrieved 26 Sept, 2011 from http://www. hk-dttn. com/events/english/050901_Agreements_DTTN_E. pdf Digital Trade and Transportation Network (2006) â€Å"Microsoft and DTTNCo Join Hands to Enhance Supply Chain Efficiency in Hong Kong† Retrieved 26 Sept 2011 from http://www. k-dttn. com/events/english/ Microsoft-DTTNCo%20Press%20Release_Eng. pdf Digital Trade and Transportation Network (Nov 2004) â€Å"Approach for Digital Trade and Transportation Network (DTTN) Document Structure Development† Retrieved on 26 Sept 2011 from http://www. hk-dttn. com/advisory/english/doc_dev_v0. 2. pdf Hong Kong's Information Service Department (April 2010), Press Release of â€Å"Signing ceremony of Framework Agreement on Hong Kong/Guangdong Co-operation held in Beijing† Retrieved on 27 Sept 2011 from http://www. info. gov. hk/gia/general/201004/07/P201004070113. tm Hong Kong Economic & Trade Office in New York(2010) â€Å"Hong Kong, Guangdong sign cooperation pact† Retrieved on 27 Sept 2011 from http://www. hketony. gov. hk/ny/e-newsletter/10mar/CoopPact. htm Transport and Housing Bureau of HKSAR http://www. thb. gov. hk/eng/policy/transport/issues/cbt_3. htm Transport and Housing Bureau (2011), Hon Jeffrey Lam and a written reply by the Secretary for Transport and Housing, Ms Eva Cheng at the Legislative Council meeting, â€Å"Logistic industry in Hong Kongâ€Å" Retrieved on 28 Sept 2011 from http://www. hb. gov. hk/eng/psp/pressreleases/transport/logistics/2011/201102161. pdf Highways Department (Oct 2009) International Business Committee â€Å"Hong Kong – Zhuhai – Macao Bridge† Retrieved on 28 Sept 2011 from http://www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridge%20Project. pdf Legislative council brief (2010) â€Å"Hong Kong Section of Guangzhou – Shenzhen – Hong Kong Express Rail Link ( XRL )† Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http://www. legco. gov. hk/yr09-10/chinese/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp1022cb1-166-1-ec. pdfLegislative council brief (Oct 2009), â€Å"Hong Kong section of Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express rail link funding arrangement and Special rehousing package† Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http://legco. gov. hk/yr09-10/english/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp10 22-thb200910a-e. pdf Legislative council brief (April 2008) â€Å"Hong Kong section of Guangzhou – Shenzhen – Hong Kong Express rail link† Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http://legco. gov. hk/yr07-08/english/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp-thbtcr11658199-e. pdf Transport and Housing Bureau of HKSAR – XRL ttp://www. thb. gov. hk/eng/policy/transport/issues/cbt_4. htm MTR Corporation Limited http://www. expressraillink. hk/en/database/xrl-in-hk. html Transport and Housing Bureau (May 2011) Speech of the Secretary for Transport and Housing at a shipping community luncheon in Korea. Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http://www. thb. gov. hk/eng/psp/speeches/transport/maritime/2011/201105311. pdf Transport and Housing Bureau (Mar 2011) Secretary for Transport and Housing's opening remarks (transport policy areas) at LegCo Special Finance Committee Meeting.Retrieved on 1 Oct 2011 from http://www. thb. gov. hk/eng/psp/speeches/transport/land/2011/201103221. pdf Constitu tional and Mainland Affairs Bureau http://www. cmab. gov. hk/en/issues/council. htm Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation (2010) â€Å"Highlights of the Framework Agreement on Hong Kong/Guangdong Co-operation† Retrieved on 6 October 2011 from http://www. hkecic. com/compass/eng/201006/Compass201006_2_RoadtoChina3. pdf Kee, P. & Yoshimatsu, H. (2010), Global movements in the Asia Pacific, 1st edn. World Scientific Publishing Company, US. Luo, Z. (2010), Service Science and Logistics Informatics: Innovative Perspectives, 1st edn. , IGI Global snippet, US. Waters, D. (2010), Global Logistics: New Directions in Supply Chain Management, 6th edn. , Kogan Page Publishers, UK. Legislative Council (2010) †Legislative Council Panel on Commerce and Industry Framework Agreement on Hong Kong/Guangdong Cooperation† Retrieved on 6 October 2011 from http://www. legco. gov. hk/yr09-10/english/panels/ci/papers/cicb1-1559-1-e. pdf

The French Terms of Order of Events

The French Terms of Order of Events The English word then has two distinct meanings: one related to consequence and the other to time. These two meanings translate differently into French, and the various synonyms fall roughly into two groups: Words commonly used to explain the consequences or effect of an action, like  ainsi,  alors, and  donc,And terms used to indicate the sequence of events, such as  aprà ¨s,  ensuite, and  puis.   Cause and Effect Ainsi 1. so, thus, therefore  (adverb)   Ainsi, jai dà ©cidà © de partir.   So I decided to leave.Jai perdu mon emploi, ainsi je ne peux pas acheter la voiture.   I lost my job, so I cant buy the car. This use of ainsi is roughly interchangeable with donc (below). 2. this way, like that Si tu vas agir ainsi, je ne peux pas taider.   If youre going to act like that, I cant help youCest ainsi ; tu dois laccepter.   Thats the way it is; you have to accept itAinsi va la vie.   Such is life.Ainsi soit-il.   So be it. 3. ainsi que:  just as, like, as well as  (conjunction) Ainsi que javais pensà ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  Just as I thought†¦   Je suis impressionà © par son intelligence ainsi que son honnà ªtetà ©.   I am impressed by his intelligence as well as his honesty. Alors 1.  then, so, in that case  (adverb)   Tu ne vas pas la fà ªte ? Alors, moi non plus.   Youre not going to the party? Then I wont either.Elle ne comprend pas, alors il faut laider.   She doesnt understand, so we need to help her.Je nai pas mangà ©, alors il est difficile de me concentrer.   I didnt eat, so its difficult to concentrate. When used in this way, alors is more or less interchangeable with the first meanings of ainsi and donc; however, alors is not as strong in its cause-effect.  It means so or then rather than therefore. In other words, ainsi and donc indicate that something happened, and specifically because of that, something else happened. Alors, on the other hand, is more well then I guess this will/did happen.2.  so, then, well  (filler)   Alors, quest-ce quon va faire ?  Ã‚  So what are we going to do?Alors l, je nen sais rien.  Ã‚  Well, I dont know anything about that.Et alors ?   And then? So what? 3.  at that time Il à ©tait alors à ©tudiant.   At that time, he was a student. /  He was a student at the time.Le prà ©sident dalors Bill Clinton†¦Ã‚  Ã‚  The president at that time /  Then-president Bill Clinton†¦ 4.  alors que: at that time, while; even though  (conjunction)   Il est allà © la banque alors que je faisais les achats.   He went to the bank while I did the shopping.Il est sorti alors que je ne voulais pas.   He went out even though I didnt want to. Donc 1.  therefore, so, thus  (conjunction)   Il nest pas arrivà ©, donc jai dà » manger seul.   He didnt arrive, so I had to eat alone.Je pense, donc je suis (Renà © Descartes).   I think, therefore I am. This usage of donc is interchangeable with the first meaning of ainsi. The only difference is that donc is a conjunction and, in theory, must join two clauses, whereas ainsi can be used with one or two clauses. In reality, donc is often used with just one clause as well: Donc je suis allà ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ So I went†¦ When used in this sense, both ainsi and donc indicate a cause-effect relationship. 2.  then, it must be, in that case Si ce nest pas Philippe cest donc Robert.  Ã‚  If its not Philippe then it is (it must be) Robert.Jai perdu mon stylo donc celui-ci est toi.  Ã‚  I lost my pen so this one must be yours. 3.  then, so  (intensifier or filler)   Donc, elle à ©tait enceinte ?   Was she pregnant, then? So was she pregnant?Voil donc notre conclusion.   So here is our conclusion.Qui donc à ªtes-vous ?   So who are you?Allons donc !   Come on (already)! This usage is similar to the way so is used in English. Technically, so indicates a cause-effect relationship, but it is often used colloquially as a filler. For example, you might greet someone and say So I bought a car or So, are you going out tonight? even though nothing was said previously that the so is linking back to. Sequence of Events Aprà ¨s 1.  after  (preposition)   Il a tà ©là ©phonà © aprà ¨s toi.   He called after you (did).Aprà ¨s avoir tout lu†¦ (past infinitive) After having read everything†¦ 2.  afterwards, later  (adverb)   Viens me voir aprà ¨s.   Come see me afterwards.Quest-ce qui sest passà © aprà ¨s ?   What happened later/afterwards? Aprà ¨s is not interchangeable with ensuite and puis. Those adverbs indicate a sequence of events, whereas aprà ¨s simply modifies a verb to say what will/did happen at a later time. There is no sense of progression from one action to the next when using aprà ¨s. 3.  aprà ¨s que: after  (conjunction)   Aprà ¨s quil est mort, jai dà ©mà ©nagà © en Belgique.   After he died, I moved to Belgium.Je vais le faire aprà ¨s quil arrivera.   Im going to do it after he arrives. Aprà ¨s que is followed by the indicative, not the subjunctive. However, when describing something that has not happened yet, the verb after aprà ¨s que is in the future, rather than in the present, as it is in English. Ensuite 1. then, next, later  (adverb)   Jai mangà © et ensuite je me suis habillà ©.   I ate and then I got dressed.Je suis allà © la banque et ensuite au musà ©e.   I went to the bank and then (to) the museum.Il ma dit ensuite que†¦   And then he told me†¦, / He told me later that†¦ Puis 1. then, next  (adverb)   Jai mangà ©, puis je me suis habillà ©.   I ate and then I got dressed.Je suis allà © la banque et puis au musà ©e.   I went to the bank and then (to) the museum.Puis il ma dit que†¦   Then he told me†¦ This meaning of puis is interchangeable with ensuite, except for the sense of later, which only ensuite has. They do not indicate a cause-effect relationship; they simply relate a sequence of events. 2.  et puis: and besides, moreover (conjunction) Je nai pas envie de sortir, et puis je nai pas dargent.   I dont feel like going out, and besides, I dont have any money.Nous devons à ©tudier, et puis toi aussi.   We have to study, and so do you.

Pride And Prejudice by Jane Austen

Pride And Prejudice by Jane Austen Free Online Research Papers Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a remarkable novel depicting the complications between a man and a woman before and as they fall in love. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist, is a twenty-year old lady who is an active member in the simple country society in rural England. She lives with her parents and four other sisters. Elizabeth, or ‘Lizzy’ is an original, differing from the other girls in her town because she is sharp-witted and quick, and she has fiery spirit although she is only moderately pretty. The antecedent action occurs when a wealthy, handsome newcomer to the neighborhood, Mr. Bingley, falls in love with Elizabeth’s older sister Jane. Bingley brings one of his friends out visiting to the country with him. This handsome, wealthy man’s name is Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy. However, the society soon discovers that Mr. Darcy is a disparate, solitary man, disliking most social frivolities. Lizzy’s first impression of him is undoubtedly negative, and Darcy shows no special feelings toward her, so their first meeting and their mutual indifference provides the initial incident. Elizabeth is a round and dynamic character. She changes her way of judging people, after a long interval of knowing Mr. Darcy. First she considered him unworthy of her company, he was so rude upon first acquaintance, and she was shocked and quite rude when he proposed to her and she declined. An example is found in the text: â€Å"It is natural that obligation should be felt, and if I could feel gratitude, I would now thank you. But I cannot-I have never desired your good opinion, and you have certainly bestowed it most unwillingly.† Austen: 175 (244) However, after beginning to know his personality throughout the rising action, and having him prove his love for her eventually, she allows herself to fall for him. This causes her to realize she should not finalize her opinion of people with no solid proof of their character. A great amount of the story occurs throughout the rising action. Lizzy’s cousin proposes to her and she declines but her best friend Charlotte accepts him. Mr. Darcy separates Bingley and Jane, so Jane goes to London. Lizzy travels to visit Charlotte and her new husband Mr. Collins. Lizzy runs into Mr. Darcy and finds he is visiting his aunt very nearby. They become well acquainted during few visits then. Soon after that, he proposes to Lizzy, but she is very angry with him for breaking up Jane and Bingley so she declines. The only virtual ‘antagonist’ of this story is Elizabeth’s family. Not her father, or her eldest sister, but her other sisters and, especially, her mother. Her mother is an extremely embarrassing and unsalutary factor in Elizabeth’s life, and she is so shallow and finicky, she can only be described as a flat and static character. Mrs. Bennet boorishly announces her dislike for Mr. Darcy often in front of him. All she cares about are money, jewels, and status, -the common precepts of that era and location- but not at all for goodness of character, or the happiness of her children. Other antagonists include Elizabeth’s sisters, Kitty and Lydia. They are extremely petty, fractious, and they waste away their days flirting outrageously with the officers stationed in their area. The disgrace the teenage girls bring unto their elder sisters is devastating, as because of Kitty and Lydia’s lack of class, the older Bennet girls are not considered a good enough match for Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy. When Lydia elopes with a more or less ‘ex-beau’ of Elizabeth’s, she causes great shame and worry without even realizing or regretting it. However, it provides Darcy with the opportunity to prove his love to Elizabeth by paying ludicrous amounts of money to force the wicked man to marry her sister. This tragic event is the climax of the story. The falling action transpires rapidly. First, Mr. Bingley and Jane become engaged, then that night Darcy’s aunt visits Lizzy. The mean lady tells Elizabeth to stay away from Darcy and decline any offers of marriage from him because she wants him to marry her own daughter. This results in Darcy coming to find Elizabeth the next morning to renew his proposal of marriage, which she unequivocally accepts, knowing she really does love him. The denouement occurs as Jane and Elizabeth are happily, lovingly wed with rich, high-class men. The conflicts that the protagonists overcome are mainly man vs. himself and man vs. man. Elizabeth prevailing over her first impression of Darcy is an example of a man vs. himself conflict. Also, Darcy surmounting his disapproval of Elizabeth’s family and upbringing issues is a good example of this kind of conflict. A model of a man vs. man conflict in this book is when Elizabeth stands up to Darcy’s aunt’s wishes and marries Darcy. Pride and Prejudice is, in fact, a very significant title. The word pride can be defined as ‘justifiable self-respect.’ The dictionary definition for prejudice is ‘an opinion for or against something without adequate basis.’ The whole novel revolves around these two simple nouns. When Darcy first comes to Lizzy’s small countrified town, he is considered ‘too proud’ because he haughtily avoided talking to the town’s inhabitants and only danced and spoke with his own party. What Lizzy discovers later is simply a form of shyness and uncomfortable unease, Darcy is judged negatively because of it. This causes Elizabeth to hold off admitting that she loved him for a long time, especially to herself, because she assumed he was a ‘proud’ man and not worth her time. General observations on pride can be found in several quotes: â€Å" Pride is a very common failing I believe. By all that I have ever read, I am convinced that it is very common indeed, that human nature is particularly prone to it, and that there are very few of the sore of some quality or other, real or imaginary. Vanity and pride are different things, though the words are often used simultaneously. A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us.† (Austen: ch 5, pg 33) â€Å"His pride does not offend me so much as pride often does, because there is an excuse for it. One cannot wonder that so very fine a young man, with family, fortune, everything so in his favor, should think highly of himself. He has a right to be proud.† (Austen: ch 5, pg 31) Prejudice is also a hugely important word in this story. When Lizzy condemns Darcy as not worth her while, she is acting on a prejudice rooting from other people’s personal anecdotes regarding him. When Darcy resists falling in love with Elizabeth, he is acting on a very strong prejudice against her unorthodox family, her country upbringing, her unworthy bloodlines and fortune. After a while, he finds he cannot repress his feelings despite all of his prejudices toward Elizabeth herself and admits that he loves her. The book’s name, Pride and Prejudice, is important because basically it is because of these two words that there is such a story of Elizabeth and Darcy. Without pride, another woman may have fallen in love with Darcy earlier. Without prejudice based on pride, Elizabeth would have loved Darcy sooner. Without pride and prejudice, Darcy would have realized he loved Elizabeth sooner and therefore there wouldn’t have been a cause for a book on Pride and Prejudice and the story of Lizzy and Darcy to be told. In fact, this book’s original title was First Impressions, and that title would have been just as suitable. It is Lizzy’s first impression of Darcy that depicts him as prideful, creating an obstacle, and it is Darcy’s first impression of Lizzy that deems her linage and upbringing as unworthy, which was a prejudice of his. First Impressions would have been a title fitting for this book, but not as catchy or revealing as the title Pride and Prejudice. One of the themes that may be suggested by Jane Austen is not to judge on first impressions. As mentioned earlier, had Elizabeth and Darcy not wrongfully judged each other on their first meeting, they would have been happily wed much sooner. Another theme suggested is to not let family disgrace drag one down. Elizabeth had a less than exemplary family, with her fickle, obnoxious mother, a sharply satirical father, two sisters who are as shameful and simpleminded as their mother, and one sister who would rather be withdrawn from social gatherings, play music, and read to herself. However, she and Jane both managed to rise above these dead weights and attract wonderful, honorable men for husbands, even improve their family in others’ eyes by wedding these men. One more theme Austen might be implying is one should not let themselves be influenced by outside sources. An example of this is Darcy’s aunt. Elizabeth, thankfully, did not let herself be scared off from Darcy’s next proposal just because his aunt threatened her and ordered her not to marry him. Likewise, Darcy ignored his aunt’s ambitions and proposed to Elizabeth against her opposition. It was very difficult to choose a thematic question to write about. Almost every question ‘slightly’ pertained to the book and Austen’s theme, but none of them really stood out as ‘the theme that Austen wrote about.’ However, question four is probably the best question relating to this book because it is, in a way, opposite of the main characters. The idea that we are influenced most by the approval or disapproval of others is a very common situation. Most people will go so far as to change their own opinion of something according to their peers’ approval or disapproval of the said ‘thing.’ This is not the case with Darcy and Lizzy’s love. In the beginning of the book, Lizzy dislikes Darcy, with good reason. She is not a petty girl, susceptible to being swayed by others’ agreement. In fact, Lizzy most definitely has a mind of her own. Not caring about others’ opinion of her propriety, she walks a long distance to Netherfield to visit Jane when she is sick. Although Bingley’s sister is disgusted and Darcy is enraptured, Lizzy brushes off their opinions and goes about her way. She is not alone in thinking poorly of Darcy upon first meeting him, but she is not convinced to do so by other people’s judgments. She chose her side all by herself. The same goes for Darcy. The whole social group disapproved of his prideful and haughty behavior, but he did not change for them. He remained as solitary and arrogant as ever. Also, when his aunt seriously disapproved of Elizabeth, he heartily ignored her wishes and went straight to propose to Lizzy. I think that no author could create two such characters so perfectly opposing of others’ approval and disapproval than Elizabeth and Darcy. Therefore, I think that Austen’s theme is exactly contradictory to the thought that people are most influenced by the approval or disapproval of others than by what they think of themselves. The storyline of Pride and Prejudice is easy to connect personally to because its theme is a very common, everyday thing. All the time people are judging too hastily and going back on their decisions later. A few months ago, I met a girl from another town through a friend. It was the very first time I met her at a party and she drove home drunk that night. I immediately judged her as a stupid girl, not thinking smartly and endangering herself. After that night, I never really thought of her any more because I did not know her, but when her name came up in conversations I just brushed her off as brainless and ‘no friend of mine.’ Then one day I saw her in a mall and we started talking, and though I had not spent very much time with her I found she was a lot of fun to hang out with, and really nice to talk to. We decided to get together again that weekend. I found that the more time I spent with her, the more fun she was and she turned out to be a really pleasant girl. We are now very good friends, and I kind of had to go back on my earlier decision that I did not like her. I just did not know her very well and she really is a great friend, I just know not to depend on her for a designated driver! My personal anecdote is very similar to Elizabeth and Darcy’s story. They first judged each other unfavorably without getting to know each other. They were kept from falling in love a long time just because of their first impression of one another, and when they finally overcame that they fell madly in love. This slight mistake happens to many people in the world, myself included because of my poor decision on the girl who turned out to be a great friend. Pride and Prejudice is still universally acknowledged as a classic novel because it portrays the truth of human behavior, which basically has not changed since those times. A good example is the very first sentence in this book: ‘It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.’ (Austen: ch 1, pg 11) This idea has not changed over the years. When a new young man moves to anyone’s neighborhood, even in this 21st century, he is likely to be the talk of the town for quite a while, and very many young eligible ladies will fancy that he will choose them. Another part of human behavior that has not changed is dysfunctional families. Family rivalries and disagreements cannot be avoided, in any area or time period. Lydia disgracing her family by running away with a man to be married is similar to anything that could happen today. Also, Darcy’s opposing to Elizabeth’s family is just a part of bourgeois behavior that is still found today. Money and wealth being coveted is a human instinct that will not change, and perhaps has even gotten worse since Pride and Prejudice was written. Mrs. Bennet was absolutely giddy with delight that her Jane was marrying into great wealth, and she threw her disputes with Darcy out the window when she heard that Lizzy would marry him, because he was unbelievably rich. Basically, that was all that Mrs. Bennet cared about. She just wanted all of her daughters to marry rich men and she would be content; ‘ â€Å"If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield,† said Mrs. Bennet to her husband, â€Å"and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Austen: ch, 3 pg 19) I thought that a gavel represents the theme of Pride and Prejudice quite well because the whole book is centered on people making judgments of each other. The gavel, used by a judge in a courtroom, is used to signify the final decision of something. Many judgments are made in this book. First of all, Elizabeth and her whole community decided that Mr. Darcy is a proud, disagreeable man. Darcy deems that Jane does not love Bingley as much as Bingley loves her, and he also decides that the Bennet family is unworthy of marrying into. This book is full of people assessing others and judging them commendable or not. I think that the gavel represents all of the verdicts that are reached in Pride and Prejudice. I choose a picture of a crow on a plate for the second visual text. There is an old saying about ‘eating crow’ that basically means to eat your words. People joke about ‘eating crow’ when they make a solid decision about something, go out of their way to back it up, and end up being wrong and being humiliated. In this novel, many people make publicized judgments and end up eating their words. Lizzy makes no secret about her dislike for Mr. Darcy all throughout the book. When she does fall in love with him, it is against her will and it surprises everyone, especially her. She then had to explain to her friends and family that she changed her opinion of him and she really did love him now, but it was embarrassing to her to have to go back on her words, or ‘eat crow.’ The case is essentially the same for Mr. Darcy. He went out of his way to keep his friend away from the Bennets, not wanting to get involved with their family because he deemed them u nsuitable. He was impartial to Lizzy for quite a while, and then when he realized he was in love with her he had to eat his words and explain to her and admit to himself that his earlier opinion was changed and he really did love her. Therefore, the proverb ‘eating crow’ can be applied to this novel in a few instances. Bibliography 1) Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. London, England: CRW Publishing Company, 1813-2003. 2) Peter Davies. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc, 1976. 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When to Use On-Reading and Kun-Reading for Kanji in Japanese Writing

When to Use On-Reading and Kun-Reading for Kanji in Japanese Writing Kanji are  characters used in modern Japanese writing, equivalent to the Arabic letters in the alphabet used in English, French, and other Western languages. Theyre based on written Chinese characters, and along with hiragana and katakana, kanji make up all of written Japanese.   Kanji was imported from China around the fifth century. The Japanese incorporated both the original Chinese reading and their native Japanese reading, based on what was then an entirely spoken version of the Japanese language.    Sometimes in Japanese, the pronunciation of a particular kanji character is based on its Chinese origin, but not in every instance. Since theyre based on an ancient version of the Chinese pronunciation, on-readings usually bear little resemblance to their modern-day counterparts.   Here we explain the difference between on-reading and kun-reading of kanji characters. Its not the easiest concept to understand and is probably not something beginning students of Japanese need to worry about. But if your goal is to become proficient or even fluent in Japanese, it will be important to understand the subtle differences between on-reading and kun-reading of some of the most used kanji characters in Japanese.   How to Decide Between On-Reading and Kun-Reading Simply put, on-reading (On-yomi) is the Chinese reading of a kanji character. It is based on the sound of the kanji character as pronounced by the Chinese at the time the character was introduced, and also from the area it was imported. So an  on-reading of a given word might be quite different from modern standard Mandarin. The kun-reading (Kun-yomi) is the native Japanese reading associated with the meaning of a kanji.   Meaning On-reading Kun-reading mountain () san yama river ( sen kawa flower () ka hana Almost all kanji have On-readings except for most of the kanji that were developed in Japan (e.g. è ¾ ¼ has only Kun-readings). Some dozen kanji dont have Kun-readings, but most kanji have multiple readings.   Unfortunately, there is no simple way to explain when to use  On-reading or Kun-reading. Those learning Japanese need to memorize how to  correctly stress syllables and proper  pronunciation  on an individual basis, one word at a time.   On-reading is usually used when the kanji is a part of a compound (two or more kanji characters are placed side by site). Kun-reading is used when the kanji is used on its own, either as a complete noun or as adjective stems and verb stems. This is not a hard and fast  rule, but at least you can make a better guess.   Lets take a look at the kanji character for æ ° ´ (water). The on-reading for the character is sui and the Kun-reading is mizu. æ ° ´ (mizu) is a word in its own right, meaning water. The kanji compound æ ° ´Ã¦â€ºÅ"æâ€" ¥(Wednesday) is read as suiyoubi. Kanji On-reading Kun-reading - ongaku(music) - otosound - seiza(constellation) - hoshi(star) - shinbun(newspaper) -atara(shii) (new) - shokuyoku(appetite) - ta(beru)(to eat)

Leadership versus Management in Organization Coursework - 1

Leadership versus Management in Organization - Coursework Example Leadership involves the ability of the organization top brass to do the rights things that aim at fulfilling the objective of the organization while meeting the needs of the employees and the customers. Management, however, involves the ability of the organization to do the right thing; a process which may go beyond the ethical roles of leadership and adopt the end justifies the means mentality. Therefore, the success of any organizational management process must seek to blend leadership with management to ensure that it succeeds and achieves the overall objectives.In this paper, the different approaches of leadership and management that are essential for the successful control of any organization will be discussed. The discussion will also provide some corporate examples to demonstrate how positive approaches have benefited the overall growth of an organization while negative approaches have affected growth. Henry Mintzberg in his book ‘managing’ interrogates any distin ctions that exist between managing and leading and whether the two can be separated in the actual management process. The paper will, therefore, evaluated the views of Mintzberg and determine the extent by which leadership and management become two distinct levels in organizational management (Bennis & Nanus 2007, p.27).Management theories have been developed to explain different approaches that have been employed in organizations to enhance the performance of the employees and increase the possibility of achieving the organizational goals. Classical approaches to management and leadership have been employed with varying success in various organizations from time immemorial.This was attributed to the benefits that this approach provided to the managers which enabled them to handle the customer’s demands without compromising their internal services to the employees. Under the classical approach of management and leadership, the principle of coordination is employed and this cr eates a harmonious environment where all employees work towards the implementation of the organization’s objectives. It also offers room for the unity of action that is characterized by the respect for authority and the use of disciplined approaches that applies to all employees and managers alike.

The Process of Successful Selling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Process of Successful Selling - Essay Example Knowing about a product means knowing the strength of the product as well as flaws of the product. There are different types of customer who would come to a seller. Some of the customers will be aware of the product completely while others may be new and very cynical. It is the acquired skill of a seller to sell the product to the older customer in a complete newer way that they stay attracted towards the product for longer periods (Schiffman). For the purpose of selling a product to a new and cynical customer, it is recommended that the seller use the metaphors to compare product with other products of the market and highlight the significance of product. A seller needs to be very clever in this regard. Being a clever seller means, being informed about the marketing strategies and newer intervention in the product range (Schiffman). A successful seller can also be regarded as a squirrel who knows which nut is worth saving and which one to discard. A successful seller exactly knows which customer is a potential buyer. If a seller learns the art to weed out customers who are not worth enough for the product sell, then a seller will automatically turn into a successful seller. Need of a product would simultaneously gets increased with the effective marketing and campaigns that would be used for the sale of products and goods. The marketing campaigns such as APPLE’s strategic marketing campaigns are considered to be one of the world’s brilliant marketing campaigns. It is due to the active selling and marketing techniques that add value to a consumer good or product (Schiffman). A successful seller is supposed to be loaded with the tool kit of effective selling of his or her products for sale. The tool kit or in other words, the components that are required for the preparation of effective selling of products include prospects, techniques, conditions and final transit. By prospects of product, it simply means that a

Requirement analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Requirement analysis - Coursework Example The efficiency of the system has been lowered making it not to be reliable. The unreliable system takes a long time for it to enable the customers to sign an application form. The application form enables the customers to open an account, well known as trading product account. The share trading account is categorized into, high risk accounts, medium risk account, low risk accounts and also specific market account. Hence, the choice of the account to be opened depends highly on the customers. The system has got a lot of complications and this becomes the requirement analysis. They include; the time taken for a customer to complete the application process is long (Holmes, et al. p.21), implying that a lot of questions are asked and this makes the entire process tiresome. Printing time is highly delayed as the delay may take up to twenty four hours. So the enterprise stockbrokers have come up with an objective of enhancing the efficiency of the online stock trading system. The ES has a way of reducing the printing time and also reducing the application time (P arrish, et al. p. 54). Enterprise stockbrokers have come up with investigation techniques that combine both the measures and the goal driven analysis to ensure the efficiency of the system (Aalst, et al. P. 87). It has introduced a new and accurate requirement analysis procedures that can react effectively to changes or rather business adjustment. The proposed methodology reflects on the emerging issues and ensures that the objective of enterprise stockbrokers are obtained and also ensures that the enterprise stockbrokers system adds value to the business. This entails to the item or arrangement that is consistently conveyed by the project. Note that toward the starting this can be a bit fluffy if the last objective or even extension have not been characterized yet. This second layer represents the Business System and involves the last item, as well as those stakeholders

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 16

Leadership - Essay Example More over, a successful leader and consequent leadership are attributed to sound judgement. The aspect of judgement is fundamental since it depicts the strength and weaknesses of a leader and leadership. Essentially, judgement is effortlessly used to determine and gauge the leaders (Huges, et al, 26). Wise and well-informed leaders are known by the extent of wisdom applied in making judgements. This study attributes that, effective leaders can be born, and other can be natured as long as they reflect and practice the fundamental of leadership. For instance, the â€Å"Action-Observation –Reflection† (AOR) model explains that acquired leadership is attributable to three aspects, which include action, observation and reflection. A leader expresses the actions extended towards certain situation, the observation made and interpretation of the impacts on other people, and personal reflection on the situation (Huges, et al, 26). Personal reflection or evaluation includes lesions learnt, personal view on doing something in a better way and feeling about the situation at hand and the overall application of experience in implementing a new idea. In summary effective leadership is rooted on the listed pillars. Effective leadership has attracted numerous researchers who have researched on diverse methodologies and have come up with diverse opinions. These opinions might be either acceptable or unacceptable meaning of an effective leader and consequent leadership. Fundamentally, numerous subjects or topics of study or research do not have one dimension of thinking. This is similar to leadership. It is relatively easy to reconcile the diverse opinion on the effective leadership than resolve the disparities. In essence, lack of congruence of among leadership researchers is irresolvable but reconcilable (Huges, et al, 76). The diverse perceptions and opinions on effective leadership can be reconciled by examining the common character traits an effective leader either

Law Case Study Question Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Question Analysis - Case Study Example The English contract law provides that the advertiser of good or products for sale through a newspaper is under duty to scrutinize the offers that have been tendered by the interested parties, if such offers are made before the expiry of the deadline that has been set by the advertisement, and without any variation in the offers . In this respect, Arthur is under duty to scrutinize the letter of offer that was submitted by Rodney, failure to which he is liable for having breached the terms of the contract. This is because, after reading the advertisement on the newspaper, Rodney sent the necessary letter of offer and the required amount, and they were received by Arthur at 9:50 am Monday as required by the advertisement. Arthur cannot sell the car to Thelma and he is not under any legal obligation to fulfill the contract with her. This is because, when Thelma saw the advertisement, she tendered a counter offer by submitting a cheque of cheque for  £7,250, as opposed to the cheque f or  £7,500 that was required by the advertisement. This simply amounts to a counter offer under the English contract law, where an individual issues an offer that is different and that is varying the actual terms that were in the original contract notification . The English contract law provides that under the situation of a counter offer, the contract terms have been varied, and thus the individual asking for the offers from the interested parties cannot be legally bound to accept that offer.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 16

Leadership - Essay Example More over, a successful leader and consequent leadership are attributed to sound judgement. The aspect of judgement is fundamental since it depicts the strength and weaknesses of a leader and leadership. Essentially, judgement is effortlessly used to determine and gauge the leaders (Huges, et al, 26). Wise and well-informed leaders are known by the extent of wisdom applied in making judgements. This study attributes that, effective leaders can be born, and other can be natured as long as they reflect and practice the fundamental of leadership. For instance, the â€Å"Action-Observation –Reflection† (AOR) model explains that acquired leadership is attributable to three aspects, which include action, observation and reflection. A leader expresses the actions extended towards certain situation, the observation made and interpretation of the impacts on other people, and personal reflection on the situation (Huges, et al, 26). Personal reflection or evaluation includes lesions learnt, personal view on doing something in a better way and feeling about the situation at hand and the overall application of experience in implementing a new idea. In summary effective leadership is rooted on the listed pillars. Effective leadership has attracted numerous researchers who have researched on diverse methodologies and have come up with diverse opinions. These opinions might be either acceptable or unacceptable meaning of an effective leader and consequent leadership. Fundamentally, numerous subjects or topics of study or research do not have one dimension of thinking. This is similar to leadership. It is relatively easy to reconcile the diverse opinion on the effective leadership than resolve the disparities. In essence, lack of congruence of among leadership researchers is irresolvable but reconcilable (Huges, et al, 76). The diverse perceptions and opinions on effective leadership can be reconciled by examining the common character traits an effective leader either

What are the global implications of the internationalization of news Essay - 1

What are the global implications of the internationalization of news - Essay Example Rather than having various crews for every medium, one converged operation of the media can use the same reporters and staff to come up with stories for television, internet mediums, and telecommunication. By combining each resource of the medium, this converged operation can enhance the quality of the news presented. This increases the satisfaction of the customers thus attracting a wider audience base (Kolodzy 2006, p. 66). The increased advancement in technology has enabled easy accessibility of news. For instance, an individual in a location can read about the events of another location of the globe by accessing various social media platforms. As a result, individuals do not have to sit in front of a television at all times if they need to learn about the current events of a location. The internet have come in handy to ensure that even the busiest individuals in the globe can learn about the happenings of a location of their choice in the event of their busy schedule. However, easy accessibility does not guarantee delivering of quality news. Some media stations may use this easy accessibility to exaggerate on the ongoing events of a location. This especially happens when an international news station reports about a situation in another location where the station is not located. For instance, the current Ebola situation in Africa has been so much exaggerated that most international tourists fear visiting any part of Africa. The situation is so bad that even the Africans in various states of the westernized nations are shunned. Moreover, convergence leads to information overload. Technology results into changes that leave individuals confused and suffering from information overload but under load of the substance that is passed through (Johnston 1998, p. 3). The convergence of news has resulted into the audience getting too much information which fails to help them at the end. The reason is that the content

Personal Classroom Management System Essay Example for Free

Personal Classroom Management System Essay Abstract An effective classroom management is essential for the success of the students. The classroom management plan needs to be strong, but also flexible since not every class is the same and the teacher needs to be able to change around the plan to fit the needs of the current class. To construct my own classroom management plan, I have borrowed some ideas from classes I have taken throughout my college career and through my own experiences as a student. My Personal Classroom Management System. In this paper I will attempt to explain my personal classroom management system. I will begin by describing the classroom conditions I will provide for my students. I will specify the behavioral goals for my students and the ways in which I want them to conduct themselves. I will elaborate on how I will grade and assess my students. I will conclude by explaining classroom procedures and how I will intervene when a student is misbehaving. Classroom Environment I believe that it is important to create a safe and encouraging environment for my students. The classroom should be a place where the students feel comfortable asking questions and expressing themselves. No student should feel embarrassed to ask questions or voice opinions. I will explain to my students that we are our own community and everyone has a role to do if the community is to work correctly. I plan to create this type of environment by establishing rules, procedures, and routines for my students to understand and follow. I feel that giving students a daily routine to follow it helps to them to develop personal responsibility. Every morning I will greet my students at the door. By doing this I can see my students in the hallway to make sure that they are following the school rules, but I can also see the students inside the classroom to make sure that they are following our classroom rules and beginning their daily routines. The first thing my students will need to do is find their assigned seating and begin their bell work. This helps them learn responsibility and start the day off productively. I will also have end of the day routines for the students to follow. Twenty minutes before the end of school I will have the students  gather their belongings and pack their backpacks. We will also use this time to clean and organize the classroom so it will be in order for the next day. I want to create an environment where my students and I can learn from our various cultures and backgrounds. I want to have a weekly class session where one student is picked to share something they love about their family’s culture and traditions. This will make all my students feel important and I feel this will also help my students who may be ESL students feel comfortable and help them succeed in school. Parental Involvement  I will develop a relationship with parents at the beginning of the school year. Communication between the parents, students and me is extremely important. I will contact parents to give them good news about their students and not just contact them when their child is misbehaving. I will create a monthly newsletter which I will send home with my students and post on the school website. This newsletter will let the parents know what will be going on in our classroom. This will also give them the opportunity to volunteer for different activities and help them become more involved in their child’s education. Class Rules, Rewards Consequences In order for my students to be successful throughout the school year, they learn and follow the rules starting on the first day of school. In my classroom the rules that must be followed are: 1. Respect and follow all school rules 2. Respect others and their belongings 3. No hitting, touching or using bad language 4. Raise your hand before speaking or leaving your seat 5. Always do your best These rules will be posted in my classroom on the first day of class. We will create a few more rules together as a class during the first week of school as well. We will spend the first two weeks of school reviewing our classroom rules. According to Wong’s Pragmatic classroom students who spend the first two weeks of school reviewing class rules learn better and conduct themselves accordingly (Charles, 132). This will help give my students ownership on their behavior. I will send two copies of the rules home for the students to give to their parents. I will ask that both the students and the parents sign one copy and return it to me and post one copy at home that can be viewed daily. I will also post a progress chart in the classroom for all students to view. The chart will cover the student’s weekly behavior starting fresh each day. At the end of the week students will be able to choose a reward based on the number of gold stars they have. Some examples of rewards include choosing a book to read when finished with class work, choosing a prize from the treasure box, being the daily helper, and being the line leader for the day. I will also use lots of positive praise and behavioral narration to encourage my students to do their best daily. There will also be consequences when the rules are not followed. These consequences will be discussed with both the students and the parents at the beginning of the year. The following are examples of the consequences: 1. Loss of picking from the treasure chest 2. Time taken from recess 3. Time spent in detention before or after school 4. A call to parents 5. A visit to the principal’s office 6. In extreme cases immediate suspension Grading and Assessment I believe it’s important to use a variety of tools to assess students. This is because all students learn in a variety of ways. I plan to use both informal and formal assessment procedures in my classroom. Homework will be used as a study tool and an extension of the daily lesson and therefore will not be graded. Homework will be used for participation points. Instead of grading it I will stamp the assignment to show that the student was given participation points for effort. All assessments will be aligned with the state standards and curriculum. The grading policy and rubrics will be made available for the students and their parents at all times. When I give tests I will only test students on materials we have covered during that week and never use gotcha questions. Students will be allowed to do make up tests if they fail and would like a better grade. Classroom Procedures Everyday my students will be expected to come into the classroom, take their seats and immediately start on their bell work. All pencils should be sharpened before the bell rings. This means students need to get to class on time. When class work is finished early, students will have the choice of choosing a book from our class library or free writing in their writing journals. Bathroom breaks will be taken individually throughout the day and as a class before and after lunch and recess. These are some of the procedures I will implement: Morning Procedures †¢Greet teacher and classmates as you enter the room †¢Unload backpack, sharpen pencils and place supplies on desk †¢Begin bell work Desk Procedures †¢No food, candy or toys allowed at your desk †¢Keep your hands and feet on/under your own desk and not in the aisle †¢Keep the area around your desk clean Line Up/Leaving Procedure †¢Quietly form two orderly lines †¢Keep your hands to yourself/arms crossed †¢No talking in the hallway †¢No running or pushing while in line †¢When leaving the room one line will follow the other to form one line in the hallway Intervention Plan Before deciding on a plan, I will observe, reflect, consult with the student, parents and coworkers, and outline ideas that may correct problematic behaviors viewed in the classroom. After considering the behavior of the child, I will reflect on the role of the environment and classroom routines, and the interactions of the child with fellow students and teachers. I will  be sure to take advantage of the use of specialized staff members, such as the school psychologist and speech therapist, within the school system who are willing to assist me with my plan. This plan will be constructed on an individual basis as not all students will respond to the same methods. Once the plan is implemented, I will observe for positive changes and make adjustments accordingly after a follow up meeting with the parents, student and specialists involved in constructing the initial plan. Reference Charles, C. M. (1999). Building Classroom Discipline. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

A Research Proposal On Money Laundering Finance Essay

A Research Proposal On Money Laundering Finance Essay The purpose of the study concerned the impact of money laundering and its effects on the local economic and method of laundering technique in Mauritius. Money Laundering is very vast in nature; it consists of various steps, technique and approach of undertaking such unlawful activity. The research analyzes the economic effects of Money laundering in the Mauritian Economic. The research work will attempt to examine the money laundering activities and the usefulness of prevention and detection techniques by local companies. The method that is to be used is mainly studying available research papers so that we get a maximum of information. The purpose of this study is to provide the general public a broad idea on money laundering with some existed solutions. The research will be in the main interest of financial institution, Government and General Public. 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 What is Money Laundering? Money laundering is the process by which money is obtained illegally. Various types of frauds corruption, cooking the books, involve money which has been preceded by several criminal acts. Individual or groups make illegal gains by carrying out these criminal acts and often swindle high amounts. Money laundering makes it possible to legitimate ill-gotten gains through computer crimes, insider trading, and bribery where these produce large amounts of profits. Money laundering takes place within all types of profit-motivated crime, such as embezzlement, fraud, misappropriation, corruption, robbery, distribution of narcotic drugs, and trafficking in human beings (Økokrim, 2008). 2.2 Characteristics of Money Laundering Money Laundering consists of a series of various transactions used to change the source of financial assets so as these assets can be used without compromising the criminals offences. These transactions involve 3 stages (Billy Steel): 2.2.1 Placement The first stage refers to the physical distribution of financial assets. It is the most dangerous one for the perpetuators as the money from illicit activities are introduces into the financial system. Money laundering is a cash intensive business generating huge amount of cash from unlawful activities (for example street drug dealing, where payment are made in cash). The proceeds are then place into financial institutions, in the retail economy or deposits out of the country. The principal aim of the launder is to deliberately remove the cash from the location of acquisition and to convert it into other assets so as to prevent detection from authorities. 2.2.2 Layering Layering involves creating complex layers of financial transaction designed to cover audit tails and provide secrecy. The first attempt is to disguise the origin and ownership of the funds by creating complex layers of transaction. The idea of the transaction is to disassociate the illegal funds to the source of the offence. Layering is the second stage, in which the funds are moved so as to veil or remove any whatsoever link from the crime committed to obtain the money. During the layering process, a number of accounts, financial institutions, companies, funds as well as the use of professionals such as brokers, lawyers and consultants as intermediaries could be involved   as this is where the money will be channelled. Assets that are bought through unlawful funds can be resold locally or abroad and as a result, the assets become more difficult to map out and seize. 2.2.3 Integration The final stage consists of the integration of the money in the legitimate economic and financial institution. Integration is the stage whereby takes place the creation of a legitimate basis for the asset origin. The launder make the money appear legally earned and cleaned. At this stage it is very difficult to distinguish by authorities the difference between legal and illegal wealth. The money is viewed as being legal, and the criminal can use it for any purpose. Illicit money is often removed from its country of origin to be cycled through the international payment system so as to blur any audit trait (Joyce, 2005). There are different ways in which the third stage of money laundering is done. For example, a credit card might be handed out by offshore banks, casino winning can be cashed out, capital gains on option, and stock trading might follow, and real estate sale might lead to profit. The proceeds of criminal acts could be generated from organized crime such as drug trafficking, people smuggling, people trafficking, proceeds from robberies or money acquired by embezzlement, tax evasion, fraud, abuse of company structures, insider trading, or corruption. Popular Methods of the launders at this part of the game is Sending fake import export invoices and overvaluing the price of the goods. Consequently in allows the launders to more the funds from one company or country to another with the invoices serving as source of the capital place with financial companies. A simpler technique is to shift the money (via EFT) to a rightful bank from a bank owned by the launderers, as off the shelf banks are easily purchased in many tax havens. The establishment of unspecified company in countries where the right to concealment is guaranteed. In such case the launderer is in a position to grant loans from banks to undertake certain future legal transaction. In addition launders can claim tax relief on loan repayments and interest on loan so as to increase their profits. Most criminal acts are motivated by profit, argues Financial Intelligence Unit (2008). When substantial profits are generated from crime, perpetrators have to devise a means to control the assets in such a way that they do not attract attention to themselves or the crime committed. Thus, the money laundering process is crucial in order to enjoy the profit without arousing suspicion. 2.3 Problem statement: 2.3.1 Banking Secrecy: A major drawback of money laundering Banking secrecy is a professional obligation, meaning that financial institutions shall not expose a customers financial information and they even have the right to resist any third partys enquiries in order to protect the customers wellbeing. Secrecy laws have served to safeguard persons from financial failure in countries plagued by unsteadiness, fragile currency and run-away inflation rate. Wealthy individuals and political agents are also protected by allowing them to hide their possessions to avoid the risk of persecution (Savona, E.U, 1997). In some countries, for example in Switzerland, the revelation of secret banking information is punishable by law, whether it is intentional or unintentional (Corrado, M.G, 1988). In the world we are presently living, nobody can deny the fact that banking secrecy is the most significant weapon for money launderers. Some countries like Hong Kong, Switzerland, Panama are even known as notorious banking secrecy heavens. These jurisdictions really make the crime of money laundering more severe and out of control. For instance in Hong Kong, a new regulation was introduced in 2000 which requires banks to report suspicious transactions. This resulted in 6,100 suspicious transactions being reported in 2000 and 95% of them were from banks (www.hongkong.org/press/ny-021400.htm, 15th Aug 2001) 2.4 Combating Money Laundering: The Lifting of Banking Secrecy Despite being an important part of individual privacy, banking secrecy has to be lifted in some cases as it is equally important to fight against money laundering in order to guarantee a protected and safe society. The lifting of bank secrecy has already been embodied in the most vital international documents. Each party should authorize the court or other authority to order that financial or business reports should be made accessible or be seized under the 1988 Vienna UN Convention, the 1990 Strasbourg Convention and the 2000 Palermo US Convention specifically. The FATF recommended that financial institutions should concentrate on all unusual or large transactions, which have no evident economic or lawful purpose. Such transactions should be examined, written and be made available to supervisors, auditors and law enforcement agencies. If financial institutions doubt that proceeds come from a criminal activity, they are required to account for their suspicions to the expert authorities without delay (The FATF Recommendations on Money Laundering, 1996 Art 14, 15). These measures are innovative, modern and extremely different from the conventional banking system. In early times, the relationship between financial institutions and customers were founded on trust and confidence: neither the banker asked questions nor the customers made disclosures. The situation has now changed. Along with that, the way of thinking and attitude of bank directors, staff and that of management authorities have changed (Galvao G, 1997). 3.0 Research Methodology 3.1 Aims and Objective of the research The aim of the research is to identify evidence of banking secrecy and their effectiveness in combating money laundering. Cases of money laundering in Mauritius will be studied and analysed. Key principles from the anti-money laundering act and from regulations imposed by bank regulators (e.g. Financial Services Commission and the Bank of Mauritius) will be outlined. The study will then research on the measures taken by banks to fight against potential cases of money laundering in order to guarantee a protected and safe banking service. The lifting of bank secrecy has already been embodied in the most vital international documents. The objectives of this research are to: 3.2 Research Method A survey with a self-administered questionnaire will be the data collection technique used. The questionnaires will be sent to the senior managers, executives and branch managers of the identified banks in Mauritius. Visits to the company/meeting with the relevant person will be carried out where necessary to ensure maximum response and that questionnaire is being filled up by the addressee. Also, secondary data will be taken from company websites, reports and financial statement to supplement research. 3.3 Statistical Analysis of data After the questionnaire, the response will be input as data so as to make use of specific statistical technique. Thus SPSS statistical package will be used to analyze data for the findings of the research. 3.4 Benefits of the Research The research will be beneficial to: Companies Government Future Research Dissertations 3.4.1 Companies Combating money laundering will have a positive impact on companies: Through integrated management of financial crime operational efficiencies will improve The risk of corruption, identity crime and other criminal crimes will reduced considerably Reduced financial risk, reputational risk and legal risk Bad debts and fraud losses due to customer comprehensiveness 3.4.2 Government Money laundering has a negative effect on the economy, such as loss of control on the economical policy, economic distortion and instability. Moreover, government loss revenue as tax collection becomes more complicated and confusing. Therefore, the research will help to reduce these drawbacks. 3.4.3 Further Research Research will assist other researchers to make further research in the topic. Ghantt Chart Task/activity Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Choose topic  ·Ã‚ · Literature search  ·Ã‚ ·  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · Developing framework  ·  · Design questionnaire  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·  · Survey  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · Data Input  ·  · Analysis  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·  · Writing up  ·  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · Submit  · Budget Analysis Expenditures Rs Consultants and contracts 1400 Travel 400 Supplies and materials 400 Communications (Telephone, postage, etc.) 150 Equipment (Purchase) 700 Other (Equipment rental, etc.) 400 Total 3450